Commercial trade in Appendix I specimens is generally prohibited.ĬITES allows international trade in elephant ivory and rhinoceros horn when it was acquired before the species was first listed under CITES, in the mid-1970s (known as “pre-Convention”) and some strictly controlled trade in newer elephant ivory and rhinoceros horn, such as elephant ivory and rhinoceros horn from legal trophy hunts. Import permits are also required for Appendix I listed species, which includes species threatened with extinction which are or may be affected by trade. Export permits are required for all CITES listed species. The species covered by CITES are listed in three appendices, according to the degree of protection they need. When these conditions are fulfilled, the trade is legal, sustainable, and traceable. CITES regulates international trade in specimens of species of wild flora and fauna based on a system of permits, which can be issued only if certain conditions are met.
The Act and the Regulations are also the legislative instruments through which Canada meets its obligations under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES or Convention), to which Canada is a party. The Wild Animal and Plant Protection and Regulation of International and Interprovincial Trade Act (the Act) and the Wild Animal and Plant Trade Regulations (the Regulations) set requirements for international trade of Canadian and foreign wildlife species that may be at risk of overexploitation due to illegal trade. footnote 3 Poaching continues to be the largest contributor to the declines. footnote 2 Globally, rhinoceros populations have declined 3.7% from 2017 to 2021. footnote 1 For Asian elephants the IUCN estimates an overall population decline of at least 50% since 1945. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) estimates that the African elephant population has decreased by approximately 18% between 2007 and 2016, leaving the number remaining at approximately 415,000 African elephants left in the wild.
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